Contemporary Health Issues & Policies-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Health Issues and Policies. Answer: Introduction As per the new report of Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACCR), the school attendance of indigenous children is getting worse despite extensive investment in Closing the Gap programs (ABC News 2017). Closing the Gap campaign is a government strategy to reduce all forms of disadvantages present in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and promoting educational achievement in indigenous people was one of the goals of the campaign. However, latest reports suggest that half of indigenous students do not complete their schooling and they are absent at least 10% of the school year (ABC News 2017). The school attendance rate for indigenous student in 2014 was 83.5% and in 2017, it was 83.2%. This suggest that attendance rate has remained stable, however the data is low compared to school attendance for non-indigenous student, which was 93% in 2017 (Closingthegap.pmc.gov.au. 2018). This indicates that the target of Close the Gap program to reduce the gap for school attendance in indigenous children has not been achieved. In relation to this issue, the Western Australian State government is having an inquiry into Indigenous school attendance completion. To provide an evidence-based parliamentary session, this paper explores the issue in-depth by linking it to relevant social determinant of health factors. The paper also has the scope to provide idea about how recent policies have addressing social determinant factors affecting indigenous school attendance and recommend changes or improvement needed in existing policies. Link between indigenous school attendance completion and social determinant of health: Social determinant of health is the factor or condition under which person lives, work and ages and these conditions have an impact on health of an individual. For example, the employment condition, education, housing, urbanization and financial factors determine health and well-being of an individual or population (World Health Organization 2018).Hence, in response to the issue of poor school attendance in indigenous children, it can be said that several social determinant factors like urbanization issues, poverty issues and employment factor has resulted in poor school completion rate in indigenous people. The link between each of these factors and their contribution to the issue of poor Indigenous school attendance/completion rate is understood by further discussion in the next section. Urbanization issues and housing are two social determinants of health that determines well-being of people and their ability to access education to promote health (Patil 2014). By comparing the data related to school attendance in indigenous and non-indigenous children, it has been found that lower school attendance was higher for children living in more remote areas compared to those living in metropolitan areas. In addition, the attendance rate of non-indigenous group is higher because remoteness is not an issue for them (Closingthegap.pmc.gov.au. 2018). Hence, differences in living and housing condition of non-indigenous and indigenous people have been seen due to urbanization and employment issues. Urbanization is a process that leads to growth of cities and economic development and affects health of an individual. People living in city finds easy access to health, however those living in slums and remotes areas are socially excluded. They lack accessibility to resources necessar y for health and well-being (Patil 2014). Hence, urbanization as a social determinant of health and the reason behind decline in school attendance from metropolitan areas to remotes areas are understood from the discussion. To improve school attendance of indigenous children, housing issue needs to be targeted first as this can only improve educational outcomes for children. Cunningham and MacDonald, (2012) explained that housing is strongly related to school outcome. Children who live in remote areas or overcrowded areas lack the necessary resource to do well in their studies. In addition, parents experiencing housing issues priorities other activities instead of sending children to school. The discussion clear states that housing problems affect school attendance and make children vulnerable to lower academic achievement. Children living in underdeveloped or remote areas are also likely to suffer from health consequence due to exposure to insects, infection and pollution. Hence, addressing housing issue is important not only to improve school attendance in indigenous people but also to improve their outcome. Employment is also a social determinant factor that has links to the issue of low indigenous school attendance rate. Employment is a factor that shapes social position of a person and type of jobs and conditions of underemployment determines and health and well-being of an individual. People suffering from employment issues are more likely to suffer from mental and physical health issues (Benach et al. 2014). The review of local environment of indigenous people suggests that they suffer from poverty, unemployment and poor community facilities. Hence, such employment issues results in poor parents attitude towards education and it significantly has an impact on rate of school attendance of children. Employment is linked to educational outcome in a person and this is understood from the fact that when indigenous and non-indigenous Australians have low level of education, there no employment gap. However, when low educational attainment is found in any group, it results in poor health o utcome, reduced employment opportunities and lower income too (Pmc.gov.au. 2018). Current policies and Australian governments efforts to improve employment opportunities for indigenous people can increase the likelihood of complete school attendance rate in their children. There is a need to analyze teaching methods, method of engagement with parents and early interventions by the Australian government too to understand the cause behind disparities in school attendance between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Understanding teaching methods and method of engagement in school is also important because many parents relate poor attendance to school related factors such as school environment and attitude of teachers towards children (Krakouer 2016). Hence, as current policy initiatives like Close the Gap are not on the track to achieve the goal of educational attainment in Indigenous student, there is a need to analyze current policy initiatives for the group to recommend future course of action to improve attendance in schools for indigenous student. Policies Related to the education of Indigenous people According to the statistical report, the indigenous group of people is the most unfortunate and disadvantaged group in the continent. The figures related to the level of income, health, the ultimate expectancy of life, income level affects largely upon the capability of the indigenous population to effectively participate in the educational system (Pmc.gov.au 2015).Reports from UNESCO broadly highlights numerous policies and programs in the platform of social sciences, communication, information and education for providing positive impacts and effective opportunities for the indigenous children (Humanrights.gov.au 2018). The UNESCO policy of leave no one behind at the 2030 commitment targets to ensure that all the rights and requirements of the indigenous group of people are noticed and resolved (Un.org 2016).Furthermore, the UN declaration on the rights of the indigenous group of people by the guidelines of UN General Assembly and the UN Development Group states the importance of engaging and guiding the indigenous people in various sectors of development within their community (Unesco.org 2017). Educational policies of the indigenous people Governmental policies aim to improve the educational outcomes and livelihood of the indigenous students so that they get successful in every aspect of their life and in the field of education and career. The policies provide guidance for the management and development of the indigenous education by fixing out certain principles, protocols, and objectives. The policy further aims to align the educational activities at the college and school level with the national educational policy for the indigenous group of people. The NSW Aboriginal Education Consultative Group is one of the major advisory bodies for the evolution of the educational field of the indigenous students (Unesco.org 2017). The government of Australia is committed for achieving higher results for the indigenous people and the governmental agencies are working with the targeted states and the community for ensuring the policy programs at the mainstream schools and colleges contribute for the improvement in the educational background and outcomes for all the community students. Furthermore the policies by the state government targets to affirm the basic rights of the indigenous students for their fair, significant and equitable opportunities in education for a quality education. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework by the government of Australia is constructed in support of the indigenous education and in the identification of the requirement for the development and maintenance of the flexible and innovative practice to improve and support educational policy. Some of the notable policies of the government are ACT Department of Education and Training, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Strategic Plan 200609, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Matters: Strategic Plan 20102013, Ministerial Council for Education Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs (MCEECDYA), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Action Plan 2010-2014 and more (Aihw.gov.au. 2016). These policies mainly highlight the importance of the students to participate in the concept of learning and earning until they attain a senior secondary certificate and turn 17.The six closing gaps regarding the SDOHs of the indigenous group includes: The end of the life expectancy gap and the impact of the life expectancy on the education of the indigenous students. The gap in the mortality rates for the indigenous children less than five years. Investigating and ensuring that all the indigenous children f the remote communities have access to childhood education. Closing the gap in reading, writing, and numeracy among the all the students. Halving the employment gap and gap in wage rates among the indigenous community people. The impact of less pay and lower income rates on the level of education and rate of school going among the children in the community (Aihw.gov.au. 2016). The gap for the students of the indigenous community from receiving equal treatment and good quality education in the institutions and schools in Australia. In respect to the above six gaps stated above, the government of the state and the territorial government are committed to reduce and abolish the gaps of marginalization and discrimination that impacts the educational status and health of the community people. The figure below illustrates the rate of indigenous children attaining the school level education and the effect of the health status on the attainment of primary education among the indigenous community group. Figure 1 Source: (Humanrights.gov.au 2018) Recommendation As the government tries to maintain control, the lack of progression in the field of education among the indigenous community students highlights a new form of colonization (Marmot et al. 2012). Thus some of the recommended outcomes for the effective development of the health and the educational status of the indigenous population include the achievement of parity for the indigenous students, introduction for the need-based recurring funding. The need for a strategic framework and new governmental policies for the introduction of stipend facilities for the indigenous students are some of the major recommended measures (Fisher et al. 2016). Furthermore, practices and opportunities for school level and institutional changes and the commonwealth programs of the government needs to be revised to promote effective quality of education among the indigenous students of Australia (Jacob, Liu and Lee 2015). Some of the essential steps the government can take include the introduction of schola rship and free aid programs for the low-income families in the indigenous community and improvement of the attitudes of the non-indigenous people towards the indigenous group. Introduction of indigenous tutorial assistance scheme and vocational training facilities for the students of the indigenous group needs to be revised. The principles of justice and equity needs to restored and policies should be formed focusing on the achievement and support of the educational and health outcomes of the indigenous students. Conclusion Education is considered to be the basic human right and imposition of inappropriate policies has resulted in a further loss of indigenous people. The United Nations Declaration on the rights of the Indigenous People states that it is the basic right of the indigenous people to participate actively in the health and education programs. Though various international efforts have been implemented for the indigenous children in the realization of the rights to the indigenous education, much improvement is needed to abolish the barriers the community people face in accessing quality education. References: ABC News. 2017. Indigenous and rural school attendance getting worse, new report shows. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-06/indigenous-school-attendance-going-backwards/9230346 Aihw.gov.au. 2016.Australias health 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/d115fe0f-9452-4475-b31e-bf6e7d099693/ah16-4-2-social-determinants-indigenous-health.pdf.aspx [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Benach, J., Vives, A., Amable, M., Vanroelen, C., Tarafa, G. and Muntaner, C., 2014. Precarious employment: understanding an emerging social determinant of health.Annual review of public health,35. Closingthegap.pmc.gov.au. 2018. Education | Closing the Gap. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://closingthegap.pmc.gov.au/education Cunningham, M. and MacDonald, G., 2012. Housing as a platform for improving education outcomes among low-income children.Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Fisher, M., Baum, F.E., MacDougall, C., Newman, L., McDermott, D. and Phillips, C., 2016. Intersectoral action on SDH and equity in Australian health policy.Health promotion international,32(6), pp.953-963. Humanrights.gov.au. 2018.Social determinants and the health of Indigenous peoples in Australia a human rights based approach | Australian Human Rights Commission. [online] Available at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/social-determinants-and-health-indigenous-peoples-australia-human-rights-based [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Jacob, W.J., Liu, J. and Lee, C.W., 2015. Policy debates and indigenous education: The trialectic of language, culture, and identity. InIndigenous Education(pp. 39-61). Springer, Dordrecht. Krakouer, J., 2016. Aboriginal Early Childhood Education: Why attendance and true engagement are equally important, retrieved from: https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044context=indigenous_education Marmot, M., Allen, J., Bell, R., Bloomer, E. and Goldblatt, P., 2012. WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide.The Lancet,380(9846), pp.1011-1029. Patil, R.R., 2014. Urbanization as a determinant of health: a socioepidemiological perspective.Social work in public health,29(4), pp.335-341. Pmc.gov.au. 2015.Policies and strategies | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework 2014 Report. [online] Available at: https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/indigenous/Health-Performance-Framework-2014/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-health-performance-framework-2014-report/policies-and.html [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Pmc.gov.au. 2018. Education | Closing the Gap - Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/reports/closing-the-gap-2016/chapter-02/index.html Un.org. 2016.State of the Worlds Indigenous Peoples. [online] Available at: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/2016/Docs-updates/SOWIP_Health.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Unesco.org. 2017.UNESCO Policy on Indigenous Peoples | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. [online] Available at: https://www.unesco.org/new/en/indigenous-peoples/related-info/unesco-policy-on-indigenous-peoples/ [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. World Health Organization. 2018. About social determinants of health. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/sdh_definition/en/

The Federation of Australia free essay sample

The Federation Of Australia There are many reasons for and against the federation of Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on The Federation of Australia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These reasons will be conveyed in this essay. Before the federation Australia consisted of six colonies of Britain. Before 1872 the British colonies had nothing to do with each other, although a telegraph linked the colonies and the idea of being â€Å"Australian†. By the 1890’s songs and poems were being written to celebrated a nation and the idea of becoming a federation was becoming much more popular. There were many fears in Australia and that the colonies will be attacked by neighbouring countries. Other fear like the big colonies like New South Wales and Victoria will dominate the smaller colonies like South Australia, which had only been less than 50 years old. Mark Anderson and Paul Ashton (Historians) support this. There are many reasons for the federation, which will be looked at later on. These are some of the reasons against the federation of Australia. One the reasons, which delayed the federation, was the 90% of the people in the colonies were of British origin. Which of most of them saw themselves as British citizens who just lived in separate colonies. They were then not motivated to create a new nation. Also the New South Wales colony feared that if Australia were to federate the government would relax on immigration laws and allow more non-white people in. Many of them argued that they were better off remaining a white colony on their own. They were also jealous that the colony of Victoria would get the capital city (Melbourne). Another reason, which delayed the Federation of Australia was that, the economy will fall and many things will become more expensive and taxes will become higher. Also that it will be too expensive to set up a new government and that new government will become too expensive too run. A politician by the name Henry Parkes (Premier of New South Wales) was one of the people who really pushed for the Federation of Australia. He had organised many conventions such as Australasian Federation Convention 1890, which included representatives from New Zealand, was held in Melbourne. Another convention was the National Australasian Convention, which was held n Sydney 1891, included representatives from each colony. In this convention they work on the Australia Constitution. The committee in this convention drew the draft: Edmund Barton (New South Wales), Andrew Inglis Clark (Tasmania), Samuel Griffith (Queensland) and Charles Kingston (South Australia). Although when Henry Parkes lost office the push for the Federation had slowed for several years. A quote â€Å"Creating a Nation requires the will of the people†, this is saying that people have to want to become a nation in order to become one. The National Australasian Convention met again in 1897-98, which all the colonies elected representatives, except Queensland who didn’t support the federation due to the kanakas, who were slaves in Queensland. If Queensland were to join the federation they were to abolish slavery. They were not ready to do so. One reason for the federation of Australia was that if neighbouring countries were to attack Australia they were able to defend the country. The reason they were afraid that the neighbouring countries were going to invade was because Australia was such a vast country with so little population. The colonies wanted not to rely on British Naval Ships to save them. This was a first sign of independence for Australia from Britain. A quote to support this is that â€Å"In their eagerness they have betrayed Australians†. Another reason for the federation is that abolishing tariffs in the country. These were extra payments of imported goods. This would save time and money because the people would have to pay extra money to import another good in another colony. This would help them through the economic depression that Australia was going through. Supporters believed that a strong central government would be more effective and lift them out of the recent drought and economic depression. Furthermore the trade would be much better if the colonies were to federate then it would make trade much better. This is because then other countries would recognise the goods from a nation not an unknown colony. Also those different goods were in different colonies, which meant that if they were to federate than that meant they could export all different types of materials. E. g. oal, gold, wheat, wool etc†¦ When the compromise between the colonies ended it made the federation a lot easy. The rivalry between New south Wales and Victoria was ended when it was decided that neither state was going to have the capital and it would be exactly between the two of them. The conflict and fears that the larger states were going to dominate the smaller states was ended when they decided that the parliament was to have two parts the Senate and the H ouse of representatives, which all the states had equal number of representatives. To conclude this argument I think that the reasons to federate were much stronger than the reason against the federation. Also I think that the federation was a success and that we have accomplished many great things as a nation. By Peter Tsikas http://www. kidcyber. com. au/topics/federation. htm http://www. skwirk. com/p-c_s-1_u-97_t-238_c-797/for-and-against-federation-/nsw/hsie/australian-democracy/federation Australia in the 20th Century Mark Anderson and Paul Ashton http://www. teachers. ash. org. au/researchskills/Federation/notes. htm

Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT Essay Example

Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT Essay Example Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT Essay Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT Essay Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT  degree is designed for nurses who want to take  their clinical expertise to the next level  and take on the challenge of instituting more  prominent  and effective methods of patient care. These particular skills learned  can be applied to most any clinical settings,as well as hospitals and doctors’ offices including rehabilitation centers and hospices along with Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Our curriculum prepares our students for the Clinical Nurse Leader certification exam with class leading  curriculum  and faculty. The Saint Xavier University Online  program gives our nurses a high level perspective and the critical thinking skills they will need to manage nursing departments or units. The coursework covers all the vital aspects of an administrative function including the assessment and implementation of high quality and safety measurements, project management,  budgeting, strategic planning and patient communications. Our curriculum prepares our students for the nurse executive advanced certification exam. For nurses who have a master’s degree in nursing or are currently earning one in Saint Xavier University’s online program, this certificate prepares you the students for the Certified Nurse Educator exam and reduces the teaching experience requirement. Current Nurse practitioners, nurse administrators, and clinical specialists who want to impart their knowledge and expertise will find the program a perfect fit. Click the Banner below for the Official:   Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT

UK parliamentary system or USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UK parliamentary system or USA - Essay Example The fact that he is not subjected to the legislature in the selection means that he can choose wise men and women with extensive experience (Pushparaj web). In Parliamentary systems, leaders lack the ability to provide effective leadership. Parliamentary leaders often depend on others to perform their duties because they lack the knowledge of the changing world. Presidential systems of government have experienced leaders who perform their duties properly. In addition, parliamentary systems conflict with presidential systems in that secession is common in parliamentary systems. Defection results in nepotism, corruption, and political instability because of the short-lived coalitions. A minister has the discretion and mandates to do that which he deems fit and nobody can exert pressure on him. Presidential system is more democratic than Parliamentary systems. In addition, it is easier to get laws in the USA than in the UK because in USA ministers have a higher level of discretion and mandate to operate than ministers in the UK. However, the British system of government benefits include equal representation of all constituencies both urban and rural, decisions on issues has the say of the majority, and the selection of the prime minister is on the will of majority of members of parliament. Additionally, criticism by the opposition is welcome to the leading government. Pushparaj A. â€Å"What is the difference between Presidential and parliamentary form of Government?† Publish your articles. 2011. Web, 31 May 2012.

Future Trends in Purchasing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future Trends in Purchasing Paper - Essay Example As such, procurement has and continues to help in the evolution of supply chain management in that procurement ensures the security of supply, market expansion, and reduces operational costs while maximizing profits. In essence, this is the direction that supply chain management is headed towards as it evolves from just a profit making venture into a practice requiring adherence to legal, ethical and consumer demands. Callender (2013) gives the example of how the global market now prefers GM-free foods and seeks to shun child labor. E-business can be described as the practice of using technology in order to improve business, essentially by conducting business processes on the internet. The adoption of information technology in the conduct of business has its own advantages and shortcomings, just like the traditional ways of conducting business. According to Popescul & Genete (2007) e-business is advantageous in that it reduces the amount of time required to transact business, while also reducing the costs involved. In addition, the incorporation of information technology in business transactions means that a company is able to market itself on global arenas. On the negative side of doing e-business, companies are exposed to hackers who can swindle the company and its clientele their money. In relation, consumers may fall prey to fraudsters who use information provided online, to steal credit card information. In other cases, There is also the risk that the company’s employees may be unable or unwilling to adapt to the applications used and may thus put the company at risk of losing its consumer base. It is also major concern for companies that the telecommunication bandwidth may be insufficient; meaning that access to online platforms may be hampered thus negating the need for e-business. The practice of using information technology to

RES Subglacial Mapping for Extraterrestrial Colonization

RES Subglacial Mapping for Extraterrestrial Colonization RES Subglacial Mapping Used to Assess Extraterrestrial Colonization Eric Phelan Successful colonization of another planet involves countless variables being addressed prior to mission launch. Water, being essential to sustaining human life, must be available in sizable quantities in order to establish a fruitful, long-term colony. But even with water filtration systems operating at one hundred percent efficiency, a viable native source of water must be identified on the planet if the colony is ever expected to prosper. Radio Echo Sounding may provide a solution to this problem. Introduction Radio Echo Sounding, Ice Penetrating Radar, or more commonly Radioglaciology, has been used for many years to map the subsurface of glaciers all across the globe. From massive canyons to pockets of trapped volcanic ash, RES has been a valuable tool in understanding how glaciers form and what they contain. In more recent years, studies have been conducted on the identification of subglacial lakes. These results may prove valuable when locating viable and continuous sources of water on otherwise desolate planets. We have already identified large ice caps on Mars [1] and that Jupiter’s Satellite, Europa, is covered in water ice [2]. We have even discovered small pockets of ice in craters on the moon [3]. The issue is that we must somehow extract usable water from these locations. It would be too costly and inefficient to continuously melt ice for use, so the next option is to identify pockets of fresh water in the ice. Radioglaciology gets us one step closer to identifying ideal colony locations by first locating large subglacial lakes. These subsurface fresh water bodies could provide just enough water for a colony to grow steadily and flourish. While scientists utilize RES here on Earth, we get one step closer to colonization of other planets. Greenland: Beneath the Ice As early as 1964, advanced RES techniques were being used in Greenland to map the subsurface beneath the mile thick ice sheet. [4] Just last year, RES surveys helped make a discovery of massive proportions. A canyon 50 percent longer than Arizona’s Grand Canyon was discovered snaking its way north toward Petermann Glacier [5][6]. This allowed scientists to extrapolate subsurface river data proving that looking beneath the surface of the ice on our own world delivers extremely valuable information that we otherwise would have failed to acquire. If we can find ancient river systems and lakes on Earth using this technique, it should be viable on other planets. Antarctica: The Hostile Habitat As more research teams explore Antarctica, the use of RES surveying is becoming more extensive. The concept that is being tested here is that liquid water can form beneath these ice sheets due to the bed being above water’s pressure melting point. These surveys have found 379 lakes in Antarctica nearly 4000 meters beneath the ice [7]. While scientists are currently more interested in finding life that miraculously escaped extinction 35 million years ago, these lakes also are important in determining whether other planets may have enough liquid water housed in their ice caps to support a human population. Although the popular and most commonly used methodology of RES surveys employs airplanes with radio equipment, satellites are also viable tools for the job. A satellite deployed in orbit around a planet can map elevation changes in ice sheets that are indicative of subsurface water movements. The more movements there are, the more active the lakes and rivers are beneath the surface. Knowing this can help us determine whether lakes are replenishing quickly or have a limited source of water. As Antarctica is arguably the most hostile surface environment on Earth, it is a good training ground for setting up an extraterrestrial colony. Exposure to the inclement weather can cause irreversible damage to the human body within minutes, testing the boundaries of what our technology and potential colonists can handle. Establishing drilling projects to extract water from these subglacial lakes may be the natural â€Å"next step† in determining our capacity to survive on other planets. If we can manage to transport liquid water from 2.5 miles beneath the surface to an outpost above, we will have tested and proved a technology that could someday be used on other worlds. Space Colonization Figure 3: Artist’s conception of a moon base http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_colonization The moon is a likely first candidate for space colonization. With the discovery of large concentrations of frozen water in deep craters on the moon in 2009 [3], humanity may have more incentive than ever before to establish a colony there. With the ability to find pockets of water in these ice pits, we are well on our way to finding a viable location on the lunar surface to establish a new home. RES surveys of the moon can be conducted from Earth’s surface, but for greater resolution we must get closer. Placing RES satellites in orbit around the moon would allow us to pinpoint liquid water access spots. The same technique would be viable on Mars and, eventually, Europa. If we can establish a stable colony on the moon first, though, we will be one step closer to reaching our full potential as a species. Conclusion The number of planets out in space is immeasurable. If only a fraction of them had water ice on the surface, it would open us up to countless possibilities. With the advancement of RES technologies, we will one day be able to detect water in places that we would have otherwise missed. Finding pockets of water buried deep beneath the ice on Mars or Europa using RES techniques would go a long way toward expanding humanity’s reach into the known universe. We could finally establish colonies on planets that were once thought to be impossible to access. It may be the stuff of science fiction today, but someday in the future this data will be used by engineers and architects to plan out large scale cityscapes that support thousands of lives. It would be the dawn of a new golden age for human civilization, and all of it made possible through the advancement of RES technologies. [1] Bibring, J., Langevin, Y., Poulet, F., Gendrin, A., al, e. (2004). Perennial water ice identified in the south polar cap of mars. Nature, 428(6983), 627-30. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/204531038?accountid=14503 [2] Chyba, C. F., Phillips, C. B. (2002). Europa as an abode of life. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, 32(1), 47-68. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013958519734 [3] Cowen, R. (2009, Oct 24). The damp moon: Team finds water on lunar surface. Science News, 176, 10. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/197505984?accountid=14503 [4] TURCHETTI, S., DEAN, K., NAYLOR, S., SIEGERT, M. (2008). Accidents and opportunities: A history of the radio echo-sounding of antarctica, 1958-79. British Journal for the History of Science, 41(3), 417-444. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007087408000903 [5] Wayman, E. (2013, Oct 05). Introducing. Science News, 184, 4. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1441704876?accountid=14503 [6] Oskin, B. (2013, August 29). Grand Canyon of Greenland Discovered Under Ice Sheet. LiveScience. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/39289-greenland-longest-canyon-discovered.html [7] Davies, B. (n.d.). Antarctic subglacial lakes. antarcticglaciers.org. Retrieved from http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/modern-glaciers/subglacial-lakes/ [8] Space colonization. (n.d.). Princeton University. Retrieved from https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Space_colonization.html

Fidel Castro Essay -- essays research papers

Biography of Fidel Castro Fidel Castro was born on August 14, 1927 in Mayari, Cuba. His parents were relatively wealthy and owned a sugarcane plantation. During his childhood, he attended private Catholic Schools and graduated to attend the University of Havana in 1945. His teachers immediately noticed Fidel's amazing memory, which he used to memorize entire books. At the university, he majored in law studies and became a member of several groups that opposed the Cuban regime, aiding exiles from the Dominican Republic in their political movement. The Cuban government dissolved the group in 1947 and Fidel joined in protests in Bogota that were intended to stop the Ninth International Conference of American States. He graduated with his degree in law in 1950 and had seen the power of political movements. He became a full member of the Ortodoxo Party and campaigned for a seat in the Cuban Congress. However, his plans were disrupted when Fulgencio Batista seized control of the Cuban government in order to prevent the rise of the Orthodoxos. Under Batista, thousands of political opponents were murdered and the people were held under massive oppression. He began plotting militant action against the Batista regime, becoming the leader of nearly 200 revolutionaries from all over Cuba. On July 26, 1953, he led them in a guerilla attack on the Moncada army barracks in Santiage de Cuba. The militia seized weapons and other supplies and their success caused the citizens there to rally...